10+ 敬語の使い方 Article

役立つ実例&敬語一覧付き、正しいビジネス敬語の使い方 A&PRO from apro-c.co.jp

Introduction

As you navigate your way through the Japanese language, you will undoubtedly come across the concept of 敬語の使い方. This refers to the use of honorific language or respectful language, which is an essential part of Japanese culture. It is used to show respect to others, especially those in higher social status, seniority, or authority. In this article, we will be discussing the basics of 敬語の使い方 and how to use it correctly.

Types of 敬語

There are three main types of 敬語: Sonkeigo, Kenjougo, and Teineigo. Sonkeigo is used to show respect to someone you are speaking to or about, who is in a higher social status or authority than you. It is often used in business or formal situations. Kenjougo is used to show respect to someone who has a lower social status or is younger than you. This type of 敬語 is often used when speaking to children or employees. Teineigo is the most commonly used type of 敬語, and it is used to express politeness and respect in everyday conversation. It is often used in casual situations, such as talking to friends or family members.

Verbs in 敬語

In Japanese, verbs are conjugated to match the tense and politeness level of the sentence. When using 敬語, you need to change the verb endings to match the appropriate level of politeness. For example, the verb "to do" in its informal present tense is "suru," but in its polite form, it becomes "shimasu." In its respectful form, it becomes "nasaru."

Expressions in 敬語

Apart from verbs, there are also specific expressions that are used in 敬語 to show respect and politeness. These expressions include honorific prefixes and suffixes, such as "o-" and "go-," and respectful titles, such as "san" and "sama." For example, when addressing someone, you might use "san" or "sama" after their name to show respect. Similarly, adding "o-" or "go-" to certain words, such as "o-genki de" (how are you?), shows politeness and respect.

Using 敬語 in Practice

Using 敬語 correctly can be challenging, as it requires an understanding of the nuances of Japanese culture and social hierarchy. However, there are a few basic rules that can help you get started. When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of caution and use more respectful language than necessary. Additionally, paying attention to the language used by those around you and mimicking their level of politeness can be helpful.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

One of the most common mistakes people make when using 敬語 is using the wrong level of politeness. Using overly familiar language with someone who is older or in a higher social status can be seen as disrespectful, while using overly formal language with someone who is younger or in a lower social status can come across as condescending. Another mistake to avoid is using 敬語 in inappropriate situations. For example, using 敬語 when talking to a friend or family member can be seen as awkward and unnatural.

Conclusion

敬語の使い方 is an essential part of Japanese language and culture, and mastering it can help you navigate social situations with ease. By understanding the different types of 敬語, verb conjugations, and expressions, you can begin to use it correctly in everyday conversation. Remember to pay attention to the level of politeness used by those around you and always err on the side of caution when in doubt.