If you are learning Japanese, you have probably come across the phrase "はず" (hazu). It is a commonly used word in the Japanese language that expresses expectations or assumptions. In this article, we will explore the different ways to use "はず" in Japanese sentences.
What is はず?
はず is a noun that means "expectation" or "supposition". When attached to a verb, it expresses the speaker's expectation or assumption about the action or outcome of the verb. It can also be used with adjectives to express the speaker's expectation or assumption about the state or condition described by the adjective.
Using はず with Verbs
When using はず with verbs, it is attached to the plain form of the verb. For example, if you want to say "I expected him to come", you would say "彼が来るはずだった" (kare ga kuru hazu datta). In this sentence, the verb "来る" (kuru) is in plain form and "はず" (hazu) is attached to it. The sentence expresses the speaker's expectation that the person would come.
Using はず with Adjectives
When using はず with adjectives, it is attached to the stem of the adjective. For example, if you want to say "It should be easy", you would say "簡単なはずだ" (kantan na hazu da). In this sentence, the adjective "簡単" (kantan) is in its stem form "簡単な" (kantan na) and "はず" (hazu) is attached to it. The sentence expresses the speaker's expectation that the task would be easy.
Using はず in Negative Sentences
When using はず in negative sentences, it is attached to the negative form of the verb or adjective. For example, if you want to say "I didn't expect him to come", you would say "彼が来ないはずだった" (kare ga konai hazu datta). In this sentence, the negative form of the verb "来る" (kuru) is used "来ない" (konai) and "はず" (hazu) is attached to it.
Using はず in Questions
When using はず in questions, it is attached to the question word or the verb. For example, if you want to ask "Do you think it's going to rain?", you would say "雨が降るはずですか？" (ame ga furu hazu desu ka?). In this sentence, the question word "ですか" (desu ka) is added to the end of the sentence and "はず" (hazu) is attached to the verb "降る" (furu).
Using はず in Past Tense Sentences
When using はず in past tense sentences, it is attached to the past tense of the verb or adjective. For example, if you want to say "I thought it was going to be difficult", you would say "難しいはずだと思っていた" (muzukashii hazu da to omotte ita). In this sentence, the past tense of the verb "思う" (omou) is used "思っていた" (omotte ita) and "はず" (hazu) is attached to the adjective "難しい" (muzukashii).
Using はず with Nouns
When using はず with nouns, it is attached to the particle "の" (no) after the noun. For example, if you want to say "I expected the package to arrive today", you would say "荷物が今日届くのはずだった" (nimotsu ga kyou todoku no hazu datta). In this sentence, the particle "の" (no) is attached to the noun "荷物" (nimotsu) and "はず" (hazu) is attached to it.
Conclusion
In conclusion, はず is an important word in the Japanese language that expresses the speaker's expectation or assumption about something. It is used with verbs, adjectives, nouns, and in questions. By understanding the different ways to use はず, you can improve your Japanese language skills and express your thoughts and opinions more accurately.
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